Confidence in Models and Simulations: A Multi-Stakeholder Analysis

System stakeholders from multiple disciplines increasingly interact with computer models and simulations to make critical decisions. Advanced digital have transformed how engineers interact, analyze requirements, develop verify system elements, test them validate that they meet stakeholder needs. However, these are often developed by a specific discipline for its own purposes. Convincing other accept the results of tools can be challenge, indeed, adoption at level development still lags pace underlying computational application advances. The acceptance remains largely function subjective preferences stakeholders. In this paper, we investigate social technical factors contribute effectiveness simulations, what refer as model confidence. We combine literature review practitioner interviews identify constructs attributes influencing Model confidence interplay model-related, modeler-related stakeholder-related constructs. identified in study populate framework currently being developed. They highlight important considerations future research practice enable improved increased use multidisciplinary settings.